Friday, November 5, 2021

Pyramids!

Friday November 5 — We started today’s tour at Siqqara or Sakkara where one of the first pyramids was erected.  This pyramid did not have a very good foundation and they did not use a covering stone to protect the rocks underneath, therefore it looks like a pile of rubble.  The builder tried again and was successful in creating what is now called a step pyramid. This pyramid has six steps but has no burial sites inside of it.  It’s a solid pyramid built during King Djoser’s reign.


The era of the pyramids runs from 2800 BC to around 1700 BC.  There is no record of foreigners in 2800 BC Egypt and the Hebrews arrive when pyramids were no longer being built.  So no slaves were used to build them.

The stones came from upper Egypt, carried on boats.  Causeways were used to bring the stone up from the river to the temple site then rolled up a ramp to each level.


Burial shafts were discover near the Step Pyramid with up to 30 mummies inside.  The shafts were 150 feet deep and held nobles and important people but not kings or Pharaohs.

By the time the Great Pyramids of Giza were constructed the architects had learned how to build something more permanent. The Great Pyramid is 480 feet from top to bottom and has 204 levels.  It’s sides are 750 feet long and the base covers 13.5 acres.  The bottom 56 layers are carved from the bedrock then each additional layer is constructed by moving stones up a spiral ramp.  The rooms, tombs, tunnels and passageways are incorporated into each layer as it is constructed.  The last stones added are casing blocks that have a 90º angle against the body with a 52º angle on the outside and is all in white stone.



During the time of the pyramids no foreigners were in Egypt and the Hebrews were not present until 1600 BC when the pyramids were not longer being constructed so no slaves were used to build the structures (also no aliens).  The three small pyramids near the big one were built for the queens.

There is a theory that the Sphinx and its two temples are older than the pyramids, having been created in the 10th century BC. 

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